Isotretinoin Capsule 20mg

Isotretinoin is a powerful oral medication, classified as a retinoid, which is a derivative of vitamin A. The 20mg strength is one of the common dosages prescribed for its primary use: treating severe, nodular acne. This medication is known for its effectiveness but also for its significant side effects and strict usage requirements.

Isotretinoin is used to treat:

• Severe, Recalcitrant Nodular Acne: This is its main use. It is prescribed for acne that has not responded to other treatments, including oral antibiotics and topical medications.

• Acne with a High Risk of Scarring: It can be used for less severe acne that is causing significant psychological distress or has a high likelihood of leading to permanent scarring.

The primary mechanism of isotretinoin is to dramatically reduce the size and activity of the skin's sebaceous (oil) glands. By reducing the production of sebum (the natural oil that causes acne), it starves the acne-causing bacteria and prevents the pores from becoming clogged. This also has an anti-inflammatory effect, reducing the redness and swelling associated with acne.

Isotretinoin 20mg capsules are taken orally, typically once or twice a day, and should always be taken with food to ensure proper absorption. A treatment course usually lasts several months, and the dosage is tailored to the patient's body weight and response to the medication. It's common for acne to worsen initially before it starts to improve.

Isotretinoin has a wide range of potential side effects, with the most common being related to dryness.

Common Side Effects:

• Dry Skin, Lips, and Eyes: This is a nearly universal side effect. Patients often need to use lip balm, moisturizers, and eye drops.

• Nosebleeds: Due to the dryness of the nasal passages.

• Joint and Muscle Pain: Especially in adolescents and those who engage in vigorous physical activity.

• Headache

• Increased Sun Sensitivity: The skin becomes more prone to sunburn.

Serious, but Less Common, Side Effects:

• Severe Birth Defects (Teratogenicity): This is the most significant and well-known risk. Isotretinoin can cause severe and life-threatening birth defects.

• Psychiatric Effects: Rare cases of depression, psychosis, and suicidal ideation have been reported.

• Increased Liver Enzymes and Blood Lipids: Blood tests are required to monitor for elevated liver enzymes and cholesterol/triglyceride levels.

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): In some cases, it may be associated with symptoms of IBD.

• Severe Skin Reactions: Such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, though rare.

• Decreased Night Vision: This can be a permanent side effect in some cases.