Temozolomide Capsule

Temozolomide is a chemotherapy drug, sold under the brand name Temodar, that is used to treat certain types of brain tumors, most commonly glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma. It is classified as an alkylating agent, which works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, thereby slowing or stopping their growth and multiplication.

Temozolomide is used in the treatment of:

• Newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: It is administered in combination with radiation therapy, followed by maintenance treatment with temozolomide alone.

• Refractory anaplastic astrocytoma: This refers to patients whose tumors have returned or progressed after standard treatment.

Temozolomide capsules are taken orally, usually once a day, with a full glass of water. It is important to swallow the capsules whole without opening, chewing, or crushing them, as the powder inside can be harmful if inhaled or touched. The capsules come in a variety of strengths, and the doctor will determine the correct dose based on the patient's body size.

Temozolomide is often taken on an empty stomach, either an hour before a meal or at bedtime, to help reduce nausea. Anti-nausea medication may be prescribed to manage this side effect. The treatment schedule is often cyclical, with the medication taken for a set number of days followed by a rest period.

As with other chemotherapy drugs, temozolomide can cause a range of side effects because it affects healthy cells as well as cancer cells. Common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal issues: Nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, and loss of appetite.

• Fatigue and weakness: Feeling tired and lacking energy is a very common side effect.

• Headache

• Hair loss

• Low blood cell counts: Temozolomide can lower the number of white blood cells (increasing the risk of infection), red blood cells (leading to anemia), and platelets (increasing the risk of bruising and bleeding). Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor these levels.

• Neurological effects: Dizziness, memory problems, and loss of balance or coordination.

• Skin rash