Hydroxyurea Capsules 500mg

Hydroxyurea 500mg capsules are a medication used for a variety of conditions, including certain types of cancer and a specific blood disorder. It is an antimetabolite, which means it interferes with cell growth and division.

 

 

Active Ingredient

 

The active ingredient is Hydroxyurea.

 

Key Uses

 

Hydroxyurea is prescribed for:

• Sickle Cell Anemia: It is used to reduce the frequency of painful crises (vaso-occlusive crises) and the need for blood transfusions in patients with sickle cell anemia. It works by increasing the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which prevents red blood cells from sickling and improves blood flow.

   
   

   

• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): It is used to treat this type of blood cancer by controlling the excessive production of abnormal white blood cells.

   

   

• Head and Neck Cancer: It is often used in combination with radiation therapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

   

   

• Other Conditions: It may also be used for other myeloproliferative disorders like polycythemia vera.

   

   

 

Mechanism of Action

 

Hydroxyurea works by inhibiting the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which is crucial for DNA synthesis. By blocking this enzyme, it prevents the rapid growth of cancer cells. In the case of sickle cell disease, it works through a different mechanism by increasing the level of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which helps to keep red blood cells from becoming sickle-shaped.

 

 

Dosage and Administration

 

• The dosage is highly individualized and is determined by a doctor based on the patient's body weight, condition, and blood test results.

   

   

• It is typically taken orally, once daily, with a glass of water.

   

   

• It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and not to stop taking the medication without consulting a healthcare provider.

   

   

 

Common Side Effects

 

Hydroxyurea can cause side effects, and some can be serious. Common side effects include:

 

• Myelosuppression: A decrease in blood cell counts, including low white blood cells (leukopenia), low red blood cells (anemia), and low platelets (thrombocytopenia).

   

   

• Gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and mouth sores.

   

   

• Hair loss.

   

   

• Skin changes, such as skin ulcers or discoloration.

   

   

 

Warnings and Precautions

 

 

• Bone Marrow Suppression: This is a major concern with Hydroxyurea. Patients must undergo regular blood tests to monitor their blood cell counts.

   
   

   

• Increased Risk of Cancer: Long-term use of Hydroxyurea has been associated with an increased risk of secondary cancers, particularly skin cancer. Patients should use sun protection and be monitored for new skin lesions.

   
   

   

• Fertility: Hydroxyurea may affect fertility in both men and women. Men and women of child-bearing age should use effective contraception during and for a period after treatment.

   
   

   

• Live Vaccines: Patients should avoid live vaccines while on Hydroxyurea as their immune system may be suppressed.

   

   

• Kidney and Liver Health: Use with caution in patients with kidney or liver problems.

• Drug Interactions: Hydroxyurea can interact with other medications, including certain antivirals used for HIV. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking